The effect of school absenteeism on students' academic achievement in primary schools in Pankshin LGA, Plateau State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
School absenteeism has emerged as a critical issue affecting the academic achievement of primary school students in various educational settings. In Pankshin LGA, Plateau State, high rates of absenteeism have been observed, raising concerns about its detrimental effects on student learning outcomes. Absenteeism in primary schools often results from a combination of factors, including socio-economic challenges, health-related issues, and familial responsibilities. The disruption in regular attendance not only compromises the acquisition of foundational knowledge but also interrupts the continuity of instruction, leading to significant learning gaps (Afolayan, 2023). Research indicates that consistent school attendance is closely associated with better academic performance, as it facilitates steady engagement with the curriculum and supports a structured learning environment (Ogbonna, 2024). In Pankshin LGA, the impact of absenteeism is particularly pronounced due to limited resources and the challenge of managing large class sizes, which further exacerbate the learning challenges faced by students. Educators have expressed concerns that frequent absences lead to a cumulative loss of instructional time, thereby hindering the development of critical cognitive and social skills. Moreover, chronic absenteeism can result in a demotivated student body, increased dropout rates, and long-term negative consequences on the overall educational trajectory. The local community’s socio-economic dynamics, including poverty and the need for children to contribute to household responsibilities, also play a significant role in perpetuating absenteeism. Additionally, factors such as inadequate school infrastructure, lack of transportation, and health challenges further contribute to irregular attendance. This study aims to explore the multifaceted effects of school absenteeism on academic achievement in primary schools in Pankshin LGA. By examining both the direct and indirect impacts of absenteeism, the research seeks to identify the underlying causes and propose actionable strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. In doing so, the study will contribute to the growing body of literature on educational attendance and performance, offering insights that can inform targeted interventions and policy reforms designed to enhance student engagement and academic success (Bassey, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
High rates of absenteeism in primary schools in Pankshin LGA have become a critical concern, as they directly impede students’ academic progress. The irregular attendance of students leads to significant learning gaps, making it challenging for educators to cover the curriculum effectively. Several factors contribute to this problem, including socio-economic hardships, health-related issues, and familial obligations, which force many students to miss school regularly. The resulting discontinuity in learning not only affects individual academic performance but also creates challenges for teachers who must continuously address the varied learning needs of absent students upon their return. Furthermore, the lack of a robust monitoring system exacerbates the problem, as it becomes difficult to track and intervene in chronic absenteeism cases (Chukwu, 2024). This persistent issue undermines the overall educational objectives of primary schools in the area, leading to lower test scores and reduced cognitive development. The problem is compounded by infrastructural deficits and the limited capacity of schools to implement effective attendance policies or remedial programs. Consequently, even when interventions are attempted, their impact is minimal due to the deeply rooted nature of the absenteeism problem. The educational system’s failure to ensure regular attendance diminishes the quality of education, placing students at a disadvantage in their academic pursuits and future opportunities. This study seeks to investigate the specific factors contributing to high absenteeism rates and assess how these factors collectively impact academic achievement. By doing so, it aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for reducing absenteeism and improving student performance. Addressing this problem is critical for ensuring that all students have the opportunity to benefit from consistent, quality education (Oluwole, 2025).
Objectives of the Study
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To determine the impact of school absenteeism on students’ academic achievement in primary schools.
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To identify the key factors contributing to absenteeism in Pankshin LGA.
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To recommend strategies to improve attendance and enhance academic performance.
Research Questions
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How does school absenteeism affect academic achievement in primary schools?
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What are the primary factors leading to high absenteeism in Pankshin LGA?
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What interventions can be implemented to reduce absenteeism and improve academic performance?
Research Hypotheses
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There is a significant negative relationship between school absenteeism and academic achievement.
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Socio-economic factors significantly contribute to high absenteeism rates.
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Implementing targeted attendance interventions leads to improved academic performance.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it examines the direct impact of absenteeism on academic performance, offering insights into the underlying causes and potential interventions. The findings will aid educators and policymakers in developing strategies to reduce absenteeism, thus enhancing the educational outcomes of primary school students. By addressing attendance issues, the study aims to promote a more consistent and effective learning environment in Pankshin LGA (Adeniran, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to primary schools in Pankshin LGA, Plateau State, and focuses solely on the impact of school absenteeism on academic achievement. It does not extend to secondary or tertiary education settings.
Definitions of Terms
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Absenteeism: The habitual non-attendance of students in school without valid reasons.
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Academic Achievement: The level of success in educational pursuits, usually measured through assessments and grades.
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Primary Schools: Educational institutions that provide the first stage of formal education.
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